He is best known for a series of influential concepts, which have been used and adapted in a number of disciplines: dialogism, the carnivalesque, the chronotope, heteroglossia and "outsidedness" (the English translation of a Russian term vnenakhodimost, sometimes rendered into English -from French rather than from Russian-as "exotopy"). As a result, there is substantial disagreement over matters which are normally taken for granted: what discipline he worked in (was he a philosopher or literary critic?), how to periodize his work, and even what texts he wrote (see below). 3.5 Speech Genres and Other Late Essaysīakhtin had a difficult life and career and very few of his works were published in an authoritative form during his lifetime.3.4 The Dialogic Imagination: Chronotope, Heteroglossia.3.3 Rabelais and His World: carnival and grotesque.3.2 Problems of Dostoyevsky’s Art: polyphony and unfinalizability.The translation of his works into a number of different languages in the 1960s, 70s and 80s made him into one of the most influential figures in the human sciences. Although Bakhtin was active in the lively debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in Soviet Russia in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.
His writings, which cover a wide variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions ( Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, anthropology and psychology. , Template:IPA-ru) (November 17, 1895, Oryol – March 7, 1975) was a Russian philosopher, literary critic, semiotician and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of language.
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